When do triple operator integrals take value in the trace class?

Abstract: Consider three normal operators

A, B, C

on separable Hilbert space

H

as well as scalar-valued spectral measures

l a m b d a_{A}

on

s i g m a (A)

,

l a m b d a_{B}

on

s i g m a (B)

and

l a m b d a_{C}

on

s i g m a (C)

. For any

p h i i n L^{i} n f t y (l a m b d a_{A} i m e s l a m b d a_{B} i m e s l a m b d a_{C})

and any

X, Y i n S^{2} (H)

, the space of Hilbert-Schmidt operators on

H

, we provide a general definition of a triple operator integral

G a m m a^{A, B, C} (p h i) (X, Y)

belonging to

S^{2} (H)

in such a way that

G a m m a^{A, B, C} (p h i)

belongs to the space

B_{2} (S^{2} (H) i m e s S^{2} (H), S^{2} (H))

of bounded bilinear operators on

S^{2} (H)

, and the resulting mapping

G a m m a^{A, B, C} c o l o n L^{i} n f t y (l a m b d a_{A} i m e s l a m b d a_{B} i m e s l a m b d a_{C}) o B_{2} (S^{2} (H) i m e s S^{2} (H), S^{2} (H))

is a

w^{*}

-continuous isometry. Then we show that a function

p h i i n L^{i} n f t y (l a m b d a_{A} i m e s l a m b d a_{B} i m e s l a m b d a_{C})

has the property that

G a m m a^{A, B, C} (p h i)

maps

S^{2} (H) i m e s S^{2} (H)

into

S^{1} (H)

, the space of trace class operators on

H

, if and only if it has the following factorization property: there exist a Hilbert space

H

and two functions

a i n L^{i n f t y} (l a m b d a_{A} i m e s l a m b d a_{B}; H)

and

b i n L^{i n f t y} (l a m b d a_{B} i m e s l a m b d a_{C}; H)

such that

p h i (t_{1}, t_{2}, t_{3}) = l e f t l a n g l e a (t_{1}, t_{2}), b (t_{2}, t_{3}) i g h t a n g l e

for a.e.

(t_{1}, t_{2}, t_{3}) i n s i g m a (A) i m e s s i g m a (B) i m e s s i g m a (C) .

This is a bilinear version of Peller's Theorem characterizing double operator integral mappings

S^{1} (H) o S^{1} (H)

. In passing we show that for any separable Banach spaces

E, F

, any

w^{*}

-measurable esssentially bounded function valued in the Banach space

G a m m a_{2} (E, F^{*})

of operators from

E

into

F^{*}

factoring through Hilbert space admits a

w^{*}

-measurable Hilbert space factorization.

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