The Goldman-Turaev Lie bialgebra and the Kashiwara-Vergne problem in higher genera

arXiv1804.09566MaRDI QIDQ6300796FDOQ6300796

Authors: Anton Alekseev, Nariya Kawazumi, Yusuke Kuno, Florian Naef 

Publication date: 25 April 2018

Abstract: For a compact oriented surface $Sigma$ of genus $g$ with $n+1$ boundary components, the space $mathfrakg$ spanned by free homotopy classes of loops in $Sigma$ carries the structure of a Lie bialgebra. The Lie bracket was defined by Goldman and it is canonical. The Lie cobracket was defined by Turaev and it depends on the framing of $Sigma$. The Lie bialgebra $mathfrakg$ has a natural decreasing filtration such that both the Goldman bracket and the Turaev cobracket have degree $(-2)$. In this paper, we address the following Goldman-Turaev formality problem: construct a Lie bialgebra homomorphism $heta$ from $mathfrakg$ to its associated graded $gr,mathfrakg$ such that $gr,heta=mid$. In order to solve it, we define a family of higher genus Kashiwara-Vergne (KV) problems for an element $FinAut(L)$, where $L$ is a free Lie algebra. In the case of $g=0$ and $n=2$, the problem for $F$ is the classical KV problem from Lie theory. For $g>0$, these KV problems are new. Our main results are as follows. On the one hand, every solution of the KV problem induces a GT formality map. On the other hand, higher genus KV problems admit solutions for any $g$ and $n$. In fact, the solution reduces to two important cases: $g=0,n=2$ which admits solutions by Alekseev and Torossian and $g=1,n=1$ for which we construct solutions in terms of certain elliptic associators following Enriquez. By combining these two results, we obtain a proof of the GT formality for any $g$ and $n$. We also study the set of solutions of higher genus KV problems and introduce pro-unipotent groups $KR{V}^{(g,n+1)}$ which act on them freely and transitively. These groups admit graded pro-nilpotent Lie algebras $kr{v}^{(g,n+1)}$. We show that the elliptic Lie algebra $kr{v}^{(1,1)}$ contains a copy of the Grothendieck-Teichmuller Lie algebra $gr{t}_1$ as well as symplectic derivations $delt{a}_{2n}$.

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