Brownian motion of a charged particle in Electromagnetic fluctuations at finite temperature

DOI10.1007/S10701-009-9333-6zbMATH Open1210.82049arXiv0908.3756OpenAlexW2071564627MaRDI QIDQ630106FDOQ630106

Tai-Hung Wu, Da-Shin Lee, Jen-Tsung Hsiang

Publication date: 17 March 2011

Published in: Foundations of Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a central theorem in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics by which the evolution of velocity fluctuations of the Brownian particle under a fluctuating environment is intimately related to its dissipative behavior. This can be illuminated in particular by an example of Brownian motion in an ohmic environment where the dissipative effect can be accounted for by the first-order time derivative of the position. Here we explore the dynamics of the Brownian particle coupled to a supraohmic environment by considering the motion of a charged particle interacting with the electromagnetic fluctuations at finite temperature. We also derive particle's equation of motion, the Langevin equation, by minimizing the corresponding stochastic effective action, which is obtained with the method of Feynman-Vernon influence functional. The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is established from first principles. The backreaction on the charge is known in terms of electromagnetic self-force given by a third-order time derivative of the position, leading to the supraohmic dynamics. This self-force can be argued to be insignificant throughout the evolution when the charge barely moves. The stochastic force arising from the supraohmic environment is found to have both positive and negative correlations, and it drives the charge into a fluctuating motion. Although positive force correlations give rise to the growth of the velocity dispersion initially, its growth slows down when correlation turns negative, and finally halts, thus leading to the saturation of the velocity dispersion. The saturation mechanism in a suparohmic environment is found to be distinctly different from that in an ohmic environment. The comparison is discussed.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0908.3756

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zbMATH Keywords

negative correlationBrownian motionLangevin equationfluctuation-dissipation theoremnon-equilibrium field theorysupraohmic environment

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Brownian motion (60J65) Stochastic methods (Fokker-Planck, Langevin, etc.) applied to problems in time-dependent statistical mechanics (82C31)

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Cited In (7)

• Fluctuation bounds on charge and heat diffusion
• Environment-induced uncertainties on moving mirrors in quantum critical theories via holography
• Brownian motion of a charged test particle driven by vacuum fluctuations near a dielectric half-space
• Subvacuum effects of the quantum field on the dynamics of a test particle
• Title not available (Why is that?)
• Time dependent field correlators from holographic EPR pairs
• Nonmarkovianity in cosmology: memories kept in a quantum field

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