A sum of squares not divisible by a prime

DOI10.1007/S11139-022-00591-3MaRDI QIDQ6301320arXivWikidataFDO

Authors Kyoungmin Kim, Byeong-Kweon Oh

Publication date 8 May 2018

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Analytic theory (Epstein zeta functions; relations with automorphic forms and functions) (11E45) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25)

Abstract: Let $p$ be a prime. We define $S(p)$ the smallest number $k$ such that every positive integer is a sum of at most $k$ squares of integers that are not divisible by $p$. In this article, we prove that $S(2)=10$, $S(3)=6$, $S(5)=5$, and $S(p)=4$ for any prime $p$ greater than $5$. In particular, it is proved that every positive integer is a sum of at most four squares not divisible by $5$, except the unique positive integer $79$.

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