Equations in acylindrically hyperbolic groups and verbal closedness

DOI10.4171/GGD/661MaRDI QIDQ6301892arXivWikidataFDO

Authors Oleg Bogopolski

Publication date 18 May 2018

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Geometric group theory (20F65) Hyperbolic groups and nonpositively curved groups (20F67) Algebraic geometry over groups; equations over groups (20F70)

Abstract: We describe solutions of the equation $x^n{y}^m=a^n{b}^m$ in acylindrically hyperbolic groups (AH-groups), where $a,b$ are non-commensurable special loxodromic elements and $n,m$ are integers with sufficiently large common divisor. Using this description and certain test words in AH-groups, we study the verbal closedness of AH-subgroups in groups. A subgroup $H$ of a group $G$ is called verbally closed if for any word $w(x_1,dots,x_n)$ in variables $x_1,dots,x_n$ and any element $hinH$, the equation $w(x_1,dots,x_n)=h$ has a solution in $G$ if and only if it has a solution in $H$. Main Theorem: Suppose that $G$ is a finitely presented group and $H$ is a finitely generated acylindrically hyperbolic subgroup of $G$ such that $H$ does not have nontrivial finite normal subgroups. Then $H$ is verbally closed in $G$ if and only if $H$ is a retract of $G$. The condition that $G$ is finitely presented and $H$ is finitely generated can be replaced by the condition that $G$ is finitely generated over $H$ and $H$ is equationally Noetherian. As a corollary, we solve Problem 5.2 from the paper arXiv:1201.0497v2 of Miasnikov and Roman'kov: Verbally closed subgroups of torsion-free hyperbolic groups are retracts.

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