Onsager symmetries in U(1)-invariant clock models

DOI10.1088/1742-5468/AB11C0arXiv1812.09091MaRDI QIDQ6311495FDOQ6311495

Authors: Eric Vernier, E. E. O'Brien, Paul Fendley 

Publication date: 21 December 2018

Abstract: We show how the Onsager algebra, used in the original solution of the two-dimensional Ising model, arises as an infinite-dimensional symmetry of certain self-dual models that also have a $U(1)$ symmetry. We describe in detail the example of nearest-neighbour $n$-state clock chains whose ${mathbbZ}_n$ symmetry is enhanced to $U(1)$. As a consequence of the Onsager-algebra symmetry, the spectrum of these models possesses degeneracies with multiplicities $2^N$ for positive integer $N$. We construct the elements of the algebra explicitly from transfer matrices built from non-fundamental representations of the quantum-group algebra $U_q(s{l}_2)$. We analyse the spectra further by using both the coordinate Bethe ansatz and a functional approach, and show that the degeneracies result from special exact $n$-string solutions of the Bethe equations. We also find a family of commuting chiral Hamiltonians that break the degeneracies and allow an integrable interpolation between ferro- and antiferromagnets.

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