Bohm-Bell type experiments: Classical probability approach to (no-)signaling and applications to quantum physics and psychology

DOI10.3390/E21020157arXiv1812.10826WikidataQ103832757 ScholiaQ103832757MaRDI QIDQ6311693FDOQ6311693

Authors: Andrei Khrennikov, A. P. Alodjants

Publication date: 27 December 2018

Abstract: We consider the problem of representation of quantum states and observables in the framework of classical probability theory (Kolmogorov's measure-theoretic axiomatics, 1933). Our aim is to show that, in spite of the common opinion, correlations of observables

A_{1}, A_{2}

and

B_{1}, B_{2}

involved in the experiments of the Bohm-Bell type can be expressed as correlations of classical random variables

a_{1}, a_{2}

and

b_{1}, b_{2} .

The crucial point is that correlations

l a n g l e A_{i}, B_{j} a n g l e

should be treated as conditional on the selection of the pairs

(i, j) .

The setting selection procedure is based on two random generators

R_{A}

and

R_{B} .

They are also considered as observables, supplementary to the "basic observables"

A_{1}, A_{2}

and

B_{1}, B_{2} .

These observables are absent in the standard description, e.g., in the scheme for derivation of the CHSH-inequality. We represent them by classical random variables

r_{a}

and

r_{b} .

Following the recent works of Dzhafarov and collaborators, we apply our conditional correlation approach to characterize (no-)signaling in the classical probabilistic framework. Consideration the Bohm-Bell experimental scheme in the presence of signaling is important for applications outside quantum mechanics, e.g., in psychology and social science.

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