Definitions, notations and proofs for Bernoulli numbers

Publication date 13 January 2019

Umbral calculus (05A40) Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials (11B68)

Abstract: This is a collection of definitions, notations and proofs for the Bernoulli numbers

B_{n}

appearing in formulas for the sum of integer powers, some of which can be found scattered in the large related historical literature in French, English and German. We provide elementary proofs for the original convention with

{m a t h c a l B}_{1} = 1 / 2

and also for the current convention with

B_{1} = - 1 / 2

, using only the binomial theorem and the concise Blissard symbolic (umbral) notation.

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