Graphs of 20 edges are 2-apex, hence unknotted

DOI10.2140/AGT.2011.11.691zbMATH Open1216.05017arXiv0910.1575OpenAlexW2028964957MaRDI QIDQ631332FDOQ631332

Authors: T. Mattman 

Publication date: 23 March 2011

Published in: Algebraic \& Geometric Topology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: A graph is 2-apex if it is planar after the deletion of at most two vertices. Such graphs are not intrinsically knotted, IK. We investigate the converse, does not IK imply 2-apex? We determine the simplest possible counterexample, a graph on nine vertices and 21 edges that is neither IK nor 2-apex. In the process, we show that every graph of 20 or fewer edges is 2-apex. This provides a new proof that an IK graph must have at least 21 edges. We also classify IK graphs on nine vertices and 21 edges and find no new examples of minor minimal IK graphs in this set.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0910.1575

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zbMATH Keywords

spatial graphapex graphintrinsic knotting

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Relations of low-dimensional topology with graph theory (57M15)

Cites Work

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• Primitive spatial graphs and graph minors
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• INTRINSICALLY KNOTTED GRAPHS HAVE AT LEAST 21 EDGES
• SOME RESULTS ON INTRINSICALLY KNOTTED GRAPHS
• On intrinsically knotted or completely 3-linked graphs

Cited In (11)

• More intrinsically knotted graphs with 22 edges and the restoring method
• Bipartite intrinsically knotted graphs with 22 edges
• Many, many more intrinsically knotted graphs
• Graphs on 21 edges that are not 2-apex
• Recent developments in spatial graph theory
• The \(K_{n+5}\) and \(K_{3^2,1^n}\) families and obstructions to \(n\)-apex.
• Bipartite intrinsically knotted graphs with 23 edges
• A new intrinsically knotted graph with 22 edges
• Dips at small sizes for topological graph obstruction sets
• Maximal knotless graphs
• Constructions stemming from nonseparating planar graphs and their Colin de Verdière invariant

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