A Renormalization-Group Study of Interacting Bose-Einstein condensates: Absence of the Bogoliubov Mode below Four (T>0) and Three (T=0) Dimensions

DOI10.7566/JPSJ.88.054003arXiv1903.05230MaRDI QIDQ6315499FDOQ6315499

Authors: Takafumi Kita 

Publication date: 12 March 2019

Abstract: We derive exact renormalization-group equations for the $n$-point vertices ($n=0,1,2,cdots$) of interacting single-component Bose-Einstein condensates based on the vertex expansion of the effective action. They have a notable feature of automatically satisfying Goldstone's theorem (I), which yields the Hugenholtz-Pines relation $Sigma(0)-mu=Delta(0)$ as the lowest-order identity. Using them, it is found that the anomalous self-energy $Delta(0)$ vanishes below $d_{mc}=4$ ($d_{mc}=3$) dimensions at finite temperatures (zero temperature), contrary to the Bogoliubov theory predicting a finite "sound-wave" velocity $v_{ms}propto[Delta(0){]}^{1/2}>0$. It is also argued that the one-particle density matrix $$ for $d<d_{mc}$ dimensions approaches the off-diagonal-long-range-order value $$ asymptotically as $r^{-d+2-eta}$ with an exponent $eta>0$. The anomalous dimension $eta$ at finite temperatures is predicted to behave for $d=4-epsilon$ dimensions ($0<epsilonll1$) as $etaproptoepsilo{n}^2$. Thus, the interacting Bose-Einstein condensates are subject to long-range fluctuations similar to those at the second-order transition point, and their excitations in the one-particle channel are distinct from the Nambu-Goldstone mode with a sound-wave dispersion in the two-particle channel.

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