Bubbling of the prescribed Q-curvature equation on 4-manifolds in the null case

MaRDI QIDQ6316355zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Quốc Anh Ngô, Hong Zhang

Publication date 28 March 2019

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: Analog to the classical result of Kazdan-Warner for the existence of solutions to the prescribed Gaussian curvature equation on compact 2-manifolds without boundary, it is widely known that if $(M,g_0)$ is a closed 4-manifold with zero $Q$-curvature and if $f$ is any non-constant, smooth, sign-changing function with $in{t}_{M}fdm{u}_{{itg}_0}<0$, then there exists at least one solution $u$ to the prescribed $Q$-curvature equation [ mathbf{P}_{g_0} u = f e^{4u}, ] where $mathbf{P}_{g_0}$ is the Paneitz operator which is positive with kernel consisting of constant functions. In this paper, we fix a non-constant smooth function $f_0$ with [ max_{xin M}f_0(x)=0, quad int_M f_0 dmu_{{it g}_0} <0 ] and consider a family of prescribed $Q$-curvature equations [ mathbf{P}_{g_0} u=(f_0+lambda)e^{4u}, ] where $lambda>0$ is a suitably small constant. A solution to the equation above can be obtained from a minimizer $u_{l}ambda$ of certain energy functional associated to the equation. Firstly, we prove that the minimizer $u_{l}ambda$ exhibits bubbling phenomenon in a certain limit regime as $lambdasearrow0$. Then, we show that the analogous phenomenon occurs in the context of $Q$-curvature flow.

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