Intrinsic nature of the Stein-Weiss H¹-inequality

Abstract: This paper explores the intrinsic nature of the celebrated Stein-Weiss

H^{1}

-inequality

|I_s u|_{L^frac{n}{n-s}}lesssim |u|_{L^1}+|vec{R}u|_{L^{1}}=|u|_{H^1}

through the tracing and duality laws based on Riesz's singular integral operator

I_{s}

. We discover that

if and only if

such that

f = v e c R c d o t v e c g = s u m_{j = 1}^{n} R_{j} g_{j}

in

m a t h r m B M O

(the John-Nirenberg space introduced in their 1961 {it Comm. Pure Appl. Math.} paper cite{JN}) where

v e c R = (R_{1}, ..., R_{n})

is the vector-valued Riesz transform - this characterizes the Riesz transform part

of Fefferman-Stein's decomposition (established in their 1972 {it Acta Math} paper cite{FS}) for

and yet indicates that

is indeed a solution to Bourgain-Brezis' problem under

n g e 2

: ``What are the function spaces

X, W^{1, n} s u b s e t X s u b s e t m a t h r m B M O

, such that every

F i n X

has a decomposition

F = s u m_{j = 1}^{n} R_{j} Y_{j}

where

Y_{j} i n L^{i} n f t y

?" (posed in their 2003 {it J. Amer. Math. Soc.} paper cite{BB}).

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