On some extension of Gauss' work and applications

Abstract: Let

K

be an imaginary quadratic field of discriminant

d_{K}

, and let

m a t h f r a k n

be a nontrivial integral ideal of

K

in which

N

is the smallest positive integer. Let

m a t h c a l Q_{N} (d_{K})

be the set of primitive positive definite binary quadratic forms of discriminant

d_{K}

whose leading coefficients are relatively prime to

N

. We adopt an equivalence relation

s i m_{m} a t h f r a k n

on

m a t h c a l Q_{N} (d_{K})

so that the set of equivalence classes

m a t h c a l Q_{N} (d_{K}) / s i m_{m} a t h f r a k n

can be regarded as a group isomorphic to the ray class group of

K

modulo

m a t h f r a k n

. We further present an explicit isomorphism of

m a t h c a l Q_{N} (d_{K}) / s i m_{m} a t h f r a k n

onto

m a t h r m G a l (K_{m} a t h f r a k n / K)

in terms of Fricke invariants, where

K_{m} a t h f r a k n

is the ray class field of

K

modulo

m a t h f r a k n

. This would be a certain extension of the classical composition theory of binary quadratic forms, originated and developed by Gauss and Dirichlet.

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