Impact of Prior Knowledge and Data Correlation on Privacy Leakage: A Unified Analysis

DOI10.1109/TIFS.2019.2895970arXiv1906.02606WikidataQ114983998 ScholiaQ114983998MaRDI QIDQ6320097FDOQ6320097

Authors: Yanan Li, Xuebin Ren, Shusen Yang, Xinyu Yang 

Publication date: 5 June 2019

Abstract: It has been widely understood that differential privacy (DP) can guarantee rigorous privacy against adversaries with arbitrary prior knowledge. However, recent studies demonstrate that this may not be true for correlated data, and indicate that three factors could influence privacy leakage: the data correlation pattern, prior knowledge of adversaries, and sensitivity of the query function. This poses a fundamental problem: what is the mathematical relationship between the three factors and privacy leakage? In this paper, we present a unified analysis of this problem. A new privacy definition, named extit{prior differential privacy (PDP)}, is proposed to evaluate privacy leakage considering the exact prior knowledge possessed by the adversary. We use two models, the weighted hierarchical graph (WHG) and the multivariate Gaussian model to analyze discrete and continuous data, respectively. We demonstrate that positive, negative, and hybrid correlations have distinct impacts on privacy leakage. Considering general correlations, a closed-form expression of privacy leakage is derived for continuous data, and a chain rule is presented for discrete data. Our results are valid for general linear queries, including count, sum, mean, and histogram. Numerical experiments are presented to verify our theoretical analysis.

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