Singer difference sets and the projective norm graph

arXiv1908.05591MaRDI QIDQ6323705FDOQ6323705

Authors: Tamás Mészáros, Lajos Rónyai, Tibor Szabó 

Publication date: 15 August 2019

Abstract: We demonstrate a close connection between the classic planar Singer difference sets and certain norm equation systems arising from projective norm graphs. This, on the one hand leads to a novel description of planar Singer difference sets as a subset $mathcalH$ of $mathcalN$, the group of elements of norm 1 in the field extension $mathbb{F}_{q^3}/mathbb{F}_q$. $mathcalH$ is given as the solution set of a simple polynomial equation, and we obtain an explicit formula expressing each non-identity element of $mathcalN$ as a product $Bcdot{C}^{-1}$ with $B,CinmathcalH$. The description and the definitions naturally carry over to the nonplanar and the infinite setting. On the other hand, relying heavily on the difference set properties, we also complete the proof that the projective norm graph $extNG(q,4)$ does contain the complete bipartite graph $K_{4,6}$ for every prime power $qgeq5$. This complements the property, known for more than two decades, that projective norm graphs do not contain $K_{4,7}$ (and hence provide tight lower bounds for the Tur'an number $ex(n,K_{4,7})$).

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