Set-theoretical solutions of the Yang-Baxter and pentagon equations on semigroups

DOI10.1007/S00233-020-10100-XMaRDI QIDQ6327042arXivFDO

Authors F. Catino, Marzia Mazzotta, Paola Stefanelli

Publication date 11 October 2019

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) General structure theory for semigroups (20M10)

Abstract: The Yang-Baxter and pentagon equations are two well-known equations of Mathematical Physic. If $S$ is a set, a map $s:SimesSoSimesS$ is said to be a set theoretical solution of the Yang-Baxter equation if ${\displaystyle }$ s_{23}, s_{13}, s_{12} = s_{12}, s_{13}, s_{23}, ${\displaystyle }$ where $s_{12}=simesi{d}_S$, $s_{23}=i{d}_{S}imess$, and $s_{13}=(i{d}_{S}imesau),s_{12},(i{d}_{S}imesau)$ and $au$ is the flip map, i.e., the map on $SimesS$ given by $au(x,y)=(y,x)$. Instead, $s$ is called a set-theoretical solution of the pentagon equation if ${\displaystyle }$ s_{23}, s_{13}, s_{12}=s_{12}, s_{23}. ${\displaystyle }$ The main aim of this work is to display how solutions of the pentagon equation turn out to be a useful tool to obtain new solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. Specifically, we present a new construction of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation involving two specific solutions of the pentagon equation. To this end, we provide a method to obtain solutions of the pentagon equation on the matched product of two semigroups, that is a semigroup including the classical Zappa product.

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