Arbitrary Rates of Convergence for Projected and Extrinsic Means

Publication date: 24 October 2019

Abstract: We study central limit theorems for the projected sample mean of independent and identically distributed observations on subsets

m a t h c a l Q s u b s e t m a t h b b R^{2}

of the Euclidean plane. It is well-known that two conditions suffice to obtain a parametric rate of convergence for the projected sample mean:

m a t h c a l Q

is a

m a t h c a l C^{2}

-manifold, and the expectation of the underlying distribution calculated in

m a t h b b R^{2}

is bounded away from the medial axis, the set of point that do not have a unique projection to

m a t h c a l Q

. We show that breaking one of these conditions can lead to any other rate: For a virtually arbitrary prescribed rate, we construct

m a t h c a l Q

such that all distributions with expectation at a preassigned point attain this rate.

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