On the decay of infinite energy solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations in the plane
From the introduction: ``The aim of the article is to explore the large time energy decay in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) of solutions to the system \[ \begin{cases} u_t+u\cdot \nabla u + \nabla p-\triangle u=-u \cdot \nabla v-v \cdot \nabla u\\ \nabla \cdot u=\nabla \cdot v =0\\ u(0)=u_0 \in L^2(\mathbb{R}^2),\end{cases}\tag{1} \] where \(u\) is the velocity of an incompressible fluid, \(p\) is its pressure and \(v\) is a specified external vector field satisfying \[ \|\nabla ^{\alpha}v\|_{L^{\eta}(\mathbb{R}^2)}\leq C t^{-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{\alpha}{2}+\frac{1}{\eta}}\tag{2} \] for \(\alpha=0\) when \(2<\eta>\infty\) and either \(\alpha=0\) or \(\alpha=1\) when \(\eta=\infty\). Such a system arises naturally when considering infinite energy solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation, which includes the case of rough initial date in the plane. The main result in this article is the following theorem: Let \(u\) be a global solution to (1), with \(v\) satisfying (2). We assume: (i) For each \(t_0>0\) there is a constant \(C_{t_0}>0\) such that for all \(T>t_0\), \[ \underset{t_0\leq t\leq T}{\sup} \|u(t)\|_{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^2)}\leq C_{t_0}(1+T)^{\frac{1}{2}}. \] (ii) For some \(\gamma \in [0,1]\) \(\|e^{\triangle t}u_0 \|^2_2\leq C(1+t)^{-\gamma}\), where \(e^{\triangle t}u_0\) denotes the solution to the heat equation with initial date \(u_0\). Then for every \(t_0>0\) there exists a constant \(\widetilde{C}_{t_0}>0\) such that \( \|u(t)\|^2_{L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^2)}\leq \widetilde{C}_{t_0}(1+T)^{\frac{1}{2}}\) for all \(t>t_0\).
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