Characterization of complementing pairs of ({\mathbb Z}_{\geq 0})^n

Abstract: Let

A, B, C

be subsets of an abelian group

G

. A pair

(A, B)

is called a

C

-pair if

A, B s u b s e t C

and

C

is the direct sum of

A

and

B

. The

-pairs are characterized by de Bruijn in 1950 and the

-pairs are characterized by Niven in 1971. In this paper, we characterize the

-pairs for all

n g e q 1

. We show that every

-pair is characterized by a weighted tree if it is primitive, that is, it is not a Cartesian product of a

-pair and a

-pair of lower dimensions.

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