Tight relative t-designs on two shells in hypercubes, and Hahn and Hermite polynomials

DOI10.26493/1855-3974.2352.EAFzbMATH Open1518.05029arXiv2006.02054MaRDI QIDQ6341978FDOQ6341978

Authors: Eiichi Bannai, Etsuko Bannai, Hajime Tanaka, Yan Zhu 

Publication date: 3 June 2020

Abstract: Relative $t$-designs in the $n$-dimensional hypercube $mathcal{Q}_n$ are equivalent to weighted regular $t$-wise balanced designs, which generalize combinatorial $t$-$(n,k,lambda)$ designs by allowing multiple block sizes as well as weights. Partly motivated by the recent study on tight Euclidean $t$-designs on two concentric spheres, in this paper we discuss tight relative $t$-designs in $mathcal{Q}_n$ supported on two shells. We show under a mild condition that such a relative $t$-design induces the structure of a coherent configuration with two fibers. Moreover, from this structure we deduce that a polynomial from the family of the Hahn hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials must have only integral simple zeros. The Terwilliger algebra is the main tool to establish these results. By explicitly evaluating the behavior of the zeros of the Hahn polynomials when they degenerate to the Hermite polynomials under an appropriate limit process, we prove a theorem which gives a partial evidence that the non-trivial tight relative $t$-designs in $mathcal{Q}_n$ supported on two shells are rare for large $t$.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Other designs, configurations (05B30) Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

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