Ising model and s-embeddings of planar graphs

MaRDI QIDQ6343756zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Dmitry Chelkak

Publication date 25 June 2020

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Discrete analytic functions (30G25) Stochastic (Schramm-)Loewner evolution (SLE) (60J67) Two-dimensional field theories, conformal field theories, etc. in quantum mechanics (81T40) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20)

Abstract: We discuss the notion of s-embeddings $mathcalS=mathcal{S}_{m}athcalX$ of planar graphs carrying a nearest-neighbor Ising model. The construction of $mathcal{S}_{m}athcalX$ is based upon a choice of a global complex-valued solution $mathcalX$ of the propagation equation for Kadanoff-Ceva fermions. Each choice of $mathcalX$ provides an interpretation of all other fermionic observables as s-holomorphic functions on $mathcal{S}_{m}athcalX$. We set up a general framework for the analysis of such functions on s-embeddings $mathcal{S}^{d}elta$ with $deltao0$. Throughout this analysis, a key role is played by the functions $mathcal{Q}^{d}elta$ associated with $mathcal{S}^{d}elta$, the so-called origami maps in the bipartite dimer model terminology. In particular, we give an interpretation of the mean curvature of the limit of discrete surfaces $(mathcal{S}^{d}elta;mathcal{Q}^{d}elta)$ viewed in the Minkowski space $mathbb{R}^{2,1}$ as the mass in the Dirac equation describing the continuous limit of the model. We then focus on the simplest situation when $mathcal{S}^{d}elta$ have uniformly bounded lengths/angles and $mathcal{Q}^{d}elta=O(delta)$; as a particular case this includes all critical Ising models on doubly periodic graphs via their canonical s-embeddings. In this setup we prove RSW-type crossing estimates for the random cluster representation of the model and the convergence of basic fermionic observables. The proof relies upon a new strategy as compared to the already existing literature, it also provides a quantitative estimate on the speed of convergence.

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