Lorentz and permutation invariants of particles II

arXiv2007.05746MaRDI QIDQ6344875FDOQ6344875

Authors: Ben M. Gripaios, Ward Haddadin, Christopher G. Lester 

Publication date: 11 July 2020

Abstract: Two theorems of Weyl tell us that the algebra of Lorentz- (and parity-) invariant polynomials in the momenta of $n$ particles are generated by the dot products and that the redundancies which arise when $n$ exceeds the spacetime dimension $d$ are generated by the $(d+1)$-minors of the $nimesn$ matrix of dot products. Here, we use the Cohen-Macaulay structure of the invariant algebra to provide a more direct characterisation in terms of a Hironaka decomposition. Among the benefits of this approach is that it can be generalized straightforwardly to cases where a permutation group acts on the particles, such as when some of the particles are identical. In the first non-trivial case, $n=d+1$, we give a homogeneous system of parameters that is valid for the action of an arbitrary permutation symmetry and make a conjecture for the full Hironaka decomposition in the case without permutation symmetry. An appendix gives formulae for the computation of the relevant Hilbert series for $dleq4$.

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