Almost universal ternary sums of pentagonal numbers

Abstract: For each integer

x

, the

x

-th generalized pentagonal number is denoted by

P_{5} (x) = (3 x^{2} - x) / 2

. Given odd positive integers

a, b, c

and non-negative integers

r, s

, we employ the theory of ternary quadratic forms to determine when the sum

a P_{5} (x) + 2^{r} b P_{5} (y) + 2^{s} c P_{5} (z)

represents all but finitely many positive integers.

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