A unified approach to combinatorial triangles: a generalized Eulerian polynomial

arXiv2007.12602MaRDI QIDQ6345778FDOQ6345778

Publication date: 24 July 2020

Abstract: Motivated by the classical Eulerian number, descent and excedance numbers in the hyperoctahedral groups, an triangular array from staircase tableaux and so on, we study a triangular array

[m a t h c a l T_{n, k}]_{n, k g e 0}

satisfying the recurrence relation: �egin{equation*} mathcal {T}_{n,k}=lambda(a_0n+a_1k+a_2)mathcal {T}_{n-1,k}+(b_0n+b_1k+b_2)mathcal {T}_{n-1,k-1}+frac{cd}{lambda}(n-k+1)mathcal {T}_{n-1,k-2} end{equation*} with

m a t h c a l T_{0, 0} = 1

and

m a t h c a l T_{n, k} = 0

unless

0 l e k l e n

. We derive a functional transformation for its row-generating function

m a t h c a l T_{n} (x)

from the row-generating function

A_{n} (x)

of another array

[A_{n, k}]_{n, k}

satisfying a two-term recurrence relation. Based on this transformation, we can get properties of

m a t h c a l T_{n, k}

and

m a t h c a l T_{n} (x)

including nonnegativity, log-concavity, real rootedness, explicit formula and so on. Then we extend the famous Frobenius formula, the

g a m m a

positivity decomposition and the David-Barton formula for the classical Eulerian polynomial to those of a generalized Eulerian polynomial. We also get an identity for the generalized Eulerian polynomial with the general derivative polynomial. Finally, we apply our results to an array from the Lambert function, a triangular array from staircase tableaux and the alternating-runs triangle of type

B

in a unified approach.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Combinatorial identities, bijective combinatorics (05A19) Combinatorial inequalities (05A20) Real polynomials: location of zeros (26C10)

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