E₈-singularity, invariant theory and modular forms

arXiv2009.03688MaRDI QIDQ6348671FDOQ6348671

Authors: Lei Yang 

Publication date: 6 September 2020

Abstract: As an algebraic surface, the equation of $E_8$-singularity $x^5+y^3+z^2=0$ can be obtained from a quotient $C_Y/extSL(2,13)$ over the modular curve $X(13)$, where $Ysubsetmathbb{CP}^5$ is a complete intersection curve given by a system of $extSL(2,13)$-invariant polynomials and $C_Y$ is a cone over $Y$. It is different from the Kleinian singularity $mathbb{C}^2/Gamma$, where $Gamma$ is the binary icosahedral group. This gives a negative answer to Arnol'd and Brieskorn's questions about the mysterious relation between the icosahedron and $E_8$, i.e., the $E_8$-singularity is not necessarily the Kleinian icosahedral singularity. In particular, the equation of $E_8$-singularity possesses infinitely many kinds of distinct modular parametrizations, and there are infinitely many kinds of distinct constructions of the $E_8$-singularity. They form a variation of the $E_8$-singularity structure over the modular curve $X(13)$, for which we give its algebraic version, geometric version, $j$-function version and the version of Poincar'{e} homology $3$-sphere as well as its higher dimensional lifting, i.e., Milnor's exotic $7$-sphere. Moreover, there are variations of $Q_{18}$ and $E_{20}$-singularity structures over $X(13)$. Thus, three different algebraic surfaces, the equations of $E_8$, $Q_{18}$ and $E_{20}$-singularities can be realized from the same quotients $C_Y/extSL(2,13)$ over the modular curve $X(13)$ and have the same modular parametrizations.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Actions of groups on commutative rings; invariant theory (13A50) Group actions on varieties or schemes (quotients) (14L30) Local complex singularities (32S05) Modular and Shimura varieties (14G35) Complex surface and hypersurface singularities (32S25) Theta series; Weil representation; theta correspondences (11F27)

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