Semi-discrete optimal transport methods for the semi-geostrophic equations

DOI10.1007/S00526-021-02133-ZMaRDI QIDQ6348773arXivWikidataFDO

Authors David P. Bourne, B. Pelloni, Mark A. Wilkinson

Publication date 9 September 2020

Numerical optimization and variational techniques (65K10) Optimal transportation (49Q22) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05) Existence problems for PDEs: global existence, local existence, non-existence (35A01) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Multistep, Runge-Kutta and extrapolation methods for ordinary differential equations (65L06) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12) Methods of ordinary differential equations applied to PDEs (35A24) Theoretical approximation in context of PDEs (35A35) PDEs in connection with geophysics (35Q86) Tilings in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C22) Meteorology and atmospheric physics (86A10) Transport equations (35Q49) Rossby waves (76U65)

Abstract: We give a new and constructive proof of the existence of global-in-time weak solutions of the 3-dimensional incompressible semi-geostrophic equations (SG) in geostrophic coordinates, for arbitrary initial measures with compact support. This new proof, based on semi-discrete optimal transport techniques, works by characterising discrete solutions of SG in geostrophic coordinates in terms of trajectories satisfying an ordinary differential equation. It is advantageous in its simplicity and its explicit relation to Eulerian coordinates through the use of Laguerre tessellations. Using our method, we obtain improved time-regularity for a large class of discrete initial measures, and we compute explicitly two discrete solutions. The method naturally gives rise to an efficient numerical method, which we illustrate by presenting simulations of a 2-dimensional semi-geostrophic flow in geostrophic coordinates generated using a numerical solver for the semi-discrete optimal transport problem coupled with an ordinary differential equation solver.

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