On functions with the maximal number of bent components

arXiv2010.03801MaRDI QIDQ6350796FDOQ6350796

Authors: Nurdagül Anbar, Tekgül Kalaycı, Wilfried Meidl, László Mérai 

Publication date: 8 October 2020

Abstract: A function $F:mathbb{F}_2^{n}ightarrowmathbb{F}_2^n$, $n=2m$, can have at most $2^n-2^m$ bent component functions. Trivial examples are obtained as $F(x)=(f_1(x),ldots,f_m(x),a_1(x),ldots,a_m(x))$, where $ildeF(x)=(f_1(x),ldots,f_m(x))$ is a vectorial bent function from $mathbb{F}_2^n$ to $mathbb{F}_2^m$, and $a_i$, $1leilem$, are affine Boolean functions. A class of nontrivial examples is given in univariate form with the functions $F(x)=x^{2^r}mT{r}_m^n(Lambda(x))$, where $Lambda$ is a linearized permutation of $mathbb{F}_{2^m}$. In the first part of this article it is shown that plateaued functions with $2^n-2^m$ bent components can have nonlinearity at most $2^{n-1}-2^{lfloorfracn+m2floor}$, a bound which is attained by the example $x^{2^r}mT{r}_m^n(x)$, $1ler<m$ (Pott et al. 2018). This partially solves Question 5 in Pott et al. 2018. We then analyse the functions of the form $x^{2^r}mT{r}_m^n(Lambda(x))$. We show that for odd $m$, only $x^{2^r}mT{r}_m^n(x)$, $1ler<m$, has maximal nonlinearity, whereas there are more of them for even $m$, of which we present one more infinite class explicitly. In detail, we investigate Walsh spectrum, differential spectrum and their relations for the functions $x^{2^r}mT{r}_m^n(Lambda(x))$. Our results indicate that this class contains many nontrivial EA-equivalence classes of functions with the maximal number of bent components, if $m$ is even, several with maximal possible nonlinearity.

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