On various types of nilpotency of the structure monoid and group of a set-theoretic solution of the Yang--Baxter equation

DOI10.1016/J.JPAA.2022.107194arXiv2011.01724WikidataQ113870164 ScholiaQ113870164MaRDI QIDQ6352909FDOQ6352909

Authors: Ferran Cedó, Eric Jespers, Łukasz Kubat, Arne van Antwerpen, Charlotte Verwimp 

Publication date: 3 November 2020

Abstract: Given a finite bijective non-degenerate set-theoretic solution $(X,r)$ of the Yang--Baxter equation we characterize when its structure monoid $M(X,r)$ is Malcev nilpotent. Applying this characterization to solutions coming from racks, we rediscover some results obtained recently by Lebed and Mortier, and by Lebed and Vendramin on the description of finite abelian racks and quandles. We also investigate bijective non-degenerate multipermutation (not necessarily finite) solutions $(X,r)$ and show, for example, that this property is equivalent to the solution associated to the structure monoid $M(X,r)$ (respectively structure group $G(X,r)$) being a multipermuation solution and that $G=G(X,r)$ is solvable of derived length not exceeding the multipermutation level of $(X,r)$ enlarged by one, generalizing results of Gateva-Ivanova and Cameron obtained in the involutive case. Moreover, we also prove that if $X$ is finite and $G=G(X,r)$ is nilpotent, then the torsion part of the group $G$ is finite, it coincides with the commutator subgroup $[G,G{]}_{+}$ of the additive structure of the skew left brace $G$ and $G/[G,G{]}_{+}$ is a trivial left brace.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Yang-Baxter equations (16T25) Generalizations of solvable and nilpotent groups (20F19) Nilpotent groups (20F18) Varieties and pseudovarieties of semigroups (20M07)

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