The Witten Index for One-dimensional Non-unitary Quantum Walks with Gapless Time-evolution

DOI10.1007/S11128-021-03212-YarXiv2011.12907MaRDI QIDQ6354589FDOQ6354589

Authors: Keisuke Asahara, Daiju Funakawa, Motoki Seki, Yohei Tanaka 

Publication date: 25 November 2020

Abstract: Recent developments in the index theory of discrete-time quantum walks allow us to assign a certain well-defined supersymmetric index to a pair of a unitary time-evolution $U$ and a $mathbb{Z}_2$-grading operator $varGamma$ satisfying the chiral symmetry condition $U^{\ast }=varGammaUvarGamma.$ In this paper, this index theory will be extended to encompass non-unitary $U$. The existing literature for unitary $U$ makes use of the indispensable assumption that $U$ is essentially gapped; that is, we require that the essential spectrum of $U$ contains neither $-1$ nor $+1$ to define the associated index. It turns out that this assumption is no longer necessary, if the given time-evolution $U$ is non-unitary. As a concrete example, we shall consider a well-known non-unitary quantum walk model on the one-dimensional integer lattice, introduced by Mochizuki-Kim-Obuse.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(Semi-) Fredholm operators; index theories (47A53) Selfadjoint operator theory in quantum theory, including spectral analysis (81Q10) Correspondence, duality, holography (AdS/CFT, gauge/gravity, etc.) (81T35)

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