Exponential-sum-approximation technique for variable-order time-fractional diffusion equations

DOI10.1007/S12190-021-01528-7MaRDI QIDQ6358667arXivWikidataFDO

Authors Jiali Zhang, Zhi-Wei Fang, Hai-Wei Sun

Publication date 20 January 2021

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12) Numerical approximation and evaluation of special functions (33F05) Numerical methods for partial differential equations, initial value and time-dependent initial-boundary value problems (65Mxx)

Abstract: In this paper, we study the variable-order (VO) time-fractional diffusion equations. For a VO function $alpha(t)in(0,1)$, we develop an exponential-sum-approximation (ESA) technique to approach the VO Caputo fractional derivative. The ESA technique keeps both the quadrature exponents and the number of exponentials in the summation unchanged at the different time levels. Approximating parameters are properly selected to achieve efficient accuracy. Compared with the general direct method, the proposed method reduces the storage requirement from $mathcalO(n)$ to $mathcalO(lo{g}^{2}n)$ and the computational cost from $mathcalO(n^2)$ to $mathcalO(nlo{g}^{2}n)$, respectively, with $n$ being the number of the time levels. When this fast algorithm is exploited to construct a fast ESA scheme for the VO time-fractional diffusion equations, the computational complexity of the proposed scheme is only of $mathcalO(mnlo{g}^{2}n)$ with $mathcalO(mlo{g}^{2}n)$ storage requirement, where $m$ denotes the number of spatial grids. Theoretically, the unconditional stability and error analysis of the fast ESA scheme are given. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical examples.

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