Two-dimensional affine R-buildings defined by generalized polygons with non-discrete valuation

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Two-dimensional affine \(\mathbb R\)-buildings defined by generalized polygons with non-discrete valuation



Abstract: In this paper we complete the proof of the "equivalence" of non-discrete R-buildings of types A~_2 and C~_2, with, respectively, projective planes and generalized quadrangles with non-discrete valuation, begun in previous paper of the authors. We also complete the proof of the "equivalence" of an affine building of rank 3 with a generalized polygon with discrete valuation (by proving this for generalized hexagons). We also complement a result of the second author by proving uniqueness up to scalar multiples of the weight sequences of polygons with non-discrete valuation. As an application, we produce some new explicitly defined non-discrete R-buildings, in particular a class of type A~_2 with arbitrary residues.


An important tool in the study of affine buildings is their building at infinity. In the rank \(3\) case, this is a ``generalized polygon, but not all generalized polygons may appear as boundaries of buildings. It turns out that the additional structure need for a generalized polygon to be the boundary of some building is a ``discrete valuation. This notion was introduced by the second author in [\textit{H. van Maldeghem}, Arch. Math. 53, No.~3, 513--520 (1989; Zbl 0659.51010)]. The result mentioned above was conjectured in [loc. cit.]; the paper under review completes its proof. This paper also treats with non-discrete affine buildings. In this case, the relevant notion is the one of ``generalized polygon with real valuation, introduced by the author in [\textit{K. Struyve} and \textit{H. Van Maldeghem}, Adv. Geom. 10, No. 3, 465--476 (2010; Zbl 1207.51010)]. However, they are not able to prove in the general case that any generalized \(n\)-gon is the boundary of a non-discrete affine building: they give a proof only in the cases when \(n=3\) or \(4\).











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