Local shape of the vapor-liquid critical point on the thermodynamic surface and the van der Waals equation of state

DOI10.3389/FPHY.2021.679083arXiv2101.10618MaRDI QIDQ6359042FDOQ6359042

Authors: Jinshan Yu, X. Y. Zhou, Jufang Chen, W. K. Du, Xin Wang, Quan-hui Liu 

Publication date: 26 January 2021

Abstract: Differential geometry is powerful tool to analyze the vapor-liquid critical point on the surface of the thermodynamic equation of state. The existence of usual condition of the critical point $left(partialp/partialVight{)}_T=0$ requires the isothermal process, but the universality of the critical point is its independence of whatever process is taken, and so we can assume $left(partialp/partialTight{)}_V=0$. The distinction between the critical point and other points on the surface leads us to further assume that the critical point is geometrically represented by zero Gaussian curvature. A slight extension of the van der Waals equation of state is to letting two parameters $a$ and $b$ in it vary with temperature, which then satisfies both assumptions and reproduces its usual form when the temperature is approximately the critical one.

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