Yamabe systems, optimal partitions, and nodal solutions to the Yamabe equation

MaRDI QIDQ6369149zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Mónica Clapp, Angela Pistoia, Hugo Tavares

Publication date 1 June 2021

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Critical points of functionals in context of PDEs (e.g., energy functionals) (35B38) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Second-order elliptic systems (35J47) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Free boundary problems for PDEs (35R35) Optimality conditions for problems involving partial differential equations (49K20) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10) Elliptic equations on manifolds, general theory (58J05)

Abstract: We give conditions for the existence of regular optimal partitions, with an arbitrary number $ellgeq2$ of components, for the Yamabe equation on a closed Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$. To this aim, we study a weakly coupled competitive elliptic system of $ell$ equations, related to the Yamabe equation. We show that this system has a least energy solution with nontrivial components if $dimMgeq10$, $(M,g)$ is not locally conformally flat and satisfies an additional geometric assumption whenever $dimM=10$. Moreover, we show that the limit profiles of the components of the solution separate spatially as the competition parameter goes to $-infty$, giving rise to an optimal partition. We show that this partition exhausts the whole manifold, and we prove the regularity of both the interfaces and the limit profiles, together with a free boundary condition. For $ell=2$ the optimal partition obtained yields a least energy sign-changing solution to the Yamabe equation with precisely two nodal domains.

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