Upper bounds and spectrum for approximation exponents for subspaces of \mathbb{R}^n

Abstract: This paper uses W. M. Schmidt's idea formulated in 1967 to generalise the classical theory of Diophantine approximation to subspaces of

m a t h b b R^{n}

. Given two subspaces of

m a t h b b R^{n}

A

and

B

of respective dimensions

d

and

e

with

d + e l e q s l a n t n

, the proximity between

A

and

B

is measured by

t = m i n (d, e)

canonical angles

0 l e q s l a n t h e t a_{1} l e q s l a n t c d o t s l e q s l a n t h e t a_{t} l e q s l a n t p i / 2

; we set

p s i_{j} (A, B) = s i n h e t a_{j}

. If

B

is a rational subspace, his complexity is measured by its height

H (B) = m a t h r m c o v o l (B c a p m a t h b b Z^{n})

. We denote by

m u_{n} (A v e r t e)_{j}

the exponent of approximation defined as the upper bound (possibly equal to

+ i n f t y

) of the set of

such that for infinitely many rational subspaces

B

of dimension

e

, the inequality

holds. We are interested in the minimal value

m a t h r i n g {m u}_{n} (d v e r t e)_{j}

taken by

m u_{n} (A v e r t e)_{j}

when

A

ranges through the set of subspaces of dimension

d

of

m a t h b b R^{n}

such that for all rational subspaces

B

of dimension

e

one has

d i m (A c a p B) < j

. We show that if

A

is included in a rational subspace

F

of dimension

k

, its exponent in

m a t h b b R^{n}

is the same as its exponent in

m a t h b b R^{k}

via a rational isomorphism

F o m a t h b b R^{k}

. This allows us to deduce new upper bounds for

m a t h r i n g {m u}_{n} (d v e r t e)_{j}

. We also study the values taken by

m u_{n} (A v e r t e)_{e}

when

A

is a subspace of

m a t h b b R^{n}

satisfying

d i m (A c a p B) < e

for all rational subspaces

B

of dimension

e

.

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