Equivariant maps to subshifts whose points have small stabilizers

DOI10.3934/JMD.2023001arXiv2106.09673MaRDI QIDQ6370583FDOQ6370583

Authors: Anton Bernshteyn 

Publication date: 17 June 2021

Abstract: Let $Gamma$ be a countably infinite group. Given $kinmathbbN$, we use $mathrmFree(k^{G}amma)$ to denote the free part of the Bernoulli shift action of $Gamma$ on $k^{G}amma$. Seward and Tucker-Drob showed that there exists a free subshift $mathcalSsubseteqmathrmFree(2^{G}amma)$ such that every free Borel action of $Gamma$ on a Polish space admits a Borel $Gamma$-equivariant map to $mathcalS$. Here we generalize this result as follows. Let $mathcalS$ be a subshift of finite type (for example, $mathcalS$ could be the set of all proper colorings of the Cayley graph of $Gamma$ with some finite number of colors). Suppose that $picolonmathrmFree(k^{G}amma)omathcalS$ is a continuous $Gamma$-equivariant map and let $mathrmStab(pi)$ be the set of all group elements that fix every point in the image of $pi$. Unless $pi$ is constant, $mathrmStab(pi)$ is a finite normal subgroup of $Gamma$. We prove that there exists a subshift $mathcal{S}^{\prime }subseteqmathcalS$ such that the stabilizer of every point in $mathcal{S}^{\prime }$ is $mathrmStab(pi)$ and every free Borel action of $Gamma$ on a Polish space admits a Borel $Gamma$-equivariant map to $mathcal{S}^{\prime }$. In particular, if the shift action of $Gamma$ on the image of $pi$ is faithful (i.e., if $mathrmStab(pi)$ is trivial), then the subshift $mathcal{S}^{\prime }$ is free. As an application of this general result, we deduce that if $F$ is a finite symmetric subset of $Gammasetminusmathbf1$ of size $|F|=dgeq1$ and $mathrmCol(F,d+1)subseteq(d+1{)}^{G}amma$ is the set of all proper $(d+1)$-colorings of the Cayley graph of $Gamma$ corresponding to $F$, then there is a free subshift $mathcalSsubseteqmathrmCol(F,d+1)$ such that every free Borel action of $Gamma$ on a Polish space admits a Borel $Gamma$-equivariant map to $mathcalS$.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Descriptive set theory (03E15) Probabilistic methods in extremal combinatorics, including polynomial methods (combinatorial Nullstellensatz, etc.) (05D40)

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