Global \mathbb{A}^1 degrees of covering maps between modular curves

Abstract: Given a projective smooth curve

X

over any field

k

, we discuss two notions of global

m a t h b b A^{1}

degree of a finite morphism of smooth curves

f : X o m a t h b b P_{k}^{1}

satisfying certain conditions. One originates from computing the Euler number of the pullback of the line bundle

m a t h s c r O_{m a t h b b P^{1}} (1)

as a generalization of Kass and Wickelgren's construction of Euler numbers. The other originates from the construction of global

m a t h b b A^{1}

degree of morphisms of projective curves by Kass, Levine, Solomon, and Wickelgren as a generalization of Morel's construction of

m a t h b b A^{1}

-Brouwer degree of a morphism

f : m a t h b b P_{k}^{1} o m a t h b b P_{k}^{1}

. We prove that under certain conditions on

N

, both notions of global

m a t h b b A^{1}

degrees of covering maps between modular curves

X_{0} (N) o X (1)

,

X_{1} (N) o X (1)

, and

X (N) o X (1)

agree to be equal to sums of hyperbolic elements

l a n g l e 1 a n g l e + l a n g l e - 1 a n g l e

in the Grothendieck-Witt ring

m a t h r m G W (k)

for any field

k

whose characteristic is coprime to

N

and the pullback of

m a t h s c r O_{m a t h b b P^{1}} (1)

is relatively orientable.

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