On the limiting behaviour of arithmetic toral eigenfunctions

arXiv2106.11147MaRDI QIDQ6370835FDOQ6370835

Authors: Riccardo W. Maffucci, Alejandro Rivera

Publication date: 21 June 2021

Abstract: We consider a wide class of families

(F_{m})_{m i n m a t h b b N}

of Gaussian fields on

m a t h b b T^{d} = m a t h b b R^{d} / m a t h b b Z^{d}

defined by [F_m:xmapsto frac{1}{sqrt{|Lambda_m|}}sum_{lambdainLambda_m}zeta_lambda e^{2pi ilangle lambda,x angle}] where the

z e t a_{l} a m b d a

's are independent std. normals and

L a m b d a_{m}

is the set of solutions

l a m b d a i n m a t h b b Z^{d}

to

p (l a m b d a) = m

for a fixed elliptic polynomial

p

with integer coefficients. The case

p (x) = x_{1}^{2} + d o t s + x_{d}^{2}

is a random Laplace eigenfunction whose law is sometimes called the

e x t i t a r i t h m e t i c r a n d o m w a v e

, studied in the past by many authors. In contrast, we consider three classes of polynomials

p

: a certain family of positive definite quadratic forms in two variables, all positive definite quadratic forms in three variables except multiples of

x_{1}^{2} + x_{2}^{2} + x_{3}^{2}

, and a wide family of polynomials in many variables. For these classes of polynomials, we study the

(d - 1)

-dimensional volume

m a t h c a l V_{m}

of the zero set of

F_{m}

. We compute the asymptotics, as

m o + i n f t y

along certain sequences of integers, of the expectation and variance of

m a t h c a l V_{m}

. Moreover, we prove that in the same limit,

f r a c m a t h c a l V_{m} - m a t h b b E [m a t h c a l V_{m}] s q r t e x t V a r (m a t h c a l V_{m})

converges to a std. normal. As in previous works, one reduces the problem of these asymptotics to the study of certain arithmetic properties of the sets of solutions to

p (l a m b d a) = m

. We need to study the number of such solutions for fixed

m

, the number of quadruples of solutions

(l a m b d a, m u, u, i o t a)

satisfying

l a m b d a + m u + u + i o t a = 0

, (

4

-correlations), and the rate of convergence of the counting measure of

L a m b d a_{m}

towards a certain limiting measure on the hypersurface

p (x) = 1

. To this end, we use prior results on this topic but also prove a new estimate on correlations, of independent interest.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Random fields (60G60) Asymptotic distributions of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P20) Diophantine equations in many variables (11D72) Lattice points in specified regions (11P21) Set functions and measures and integrals in infinite-dimensional spaces (Wiener measure, Gaussian measure, etc.) (28C20) Counting solutions of Diophantine equations (11D45)

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