The determinant, spectral properties, and inverse of a tridiagonal $k$-Toeplitz matrix over a commutative ring

65F50: Computational methods for sparse matrices

68W40: Analysis of algorithms

68W30: Symbolic computation and algebraic computation

15A09: Theory of matrix inversion and generalized inverses

15A15: Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions

33C45: Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.)

42C05: Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis

15A18: Eigenvalues, singular values, and eigenvectors

47B35: Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators

47B36: Jacobi (tridiagonal) operators (matrices) and generalizations

15B05: Toeplitz, Cauchy, and related matrices