Fast Algorithms and Error Analysis of Caputo Derivatives with Small Factional Orders

arXiv2108.02999MaRDI QIDQ6374641FDOQ6374641

Authors: Zihang Zhang, Qiwei Zhan, Zhennan Zhou 

Publication date: 6 August 2021

Abstract: In this paper, we investigate fast algorithms in the small fraction order regime to approximate the Caputo derivative ${}_0^C{D}_t^{a}lphau(t)$ when $alpha$ is small. We focus on two fast algorithms, i.e. FIR and FIDR, both relying on the sum-of-exponential approximation to reduce the cost of evaluating the history part. FIR is the numerical scheme originally proposed in [16], and FIDR is an alternative scheme proposed in [26], and we show that the latter is superior when $alpha$ is small. With quantitative estimates, we prove that given a certain error threshold, the computational cost of evaluating the history part of the Caputo derivative can be decreased as $alpha$ gets small. Hence, only minimal cost for the fast evaluation is required in the small $alpha$ regime, which matches prevailing protocols in engineering practice. We also present improved stability and error analysis of FIDR for solving linear fractional diffusion equations, which achieves clear dependence of the error bound on the fraction order $alpha$. Finally, we carry out systematic numerical studies for the performances of both FIR and FIDR schemes, where we explore the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency when $alpha$ is small.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Fractional derivatives and integrals (26A33) Fractional partial differential equations (35R11) Error bounds for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M15) Functional-differential equations with fractional derivatives (34K37) Numerical approximation and evaluation of special functions (33F05)

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