Interplay between critical and off-critical zeros of two-dimensional Epstein zeta functions

arXiv2110.09368MaRDI QIDQ6380668FDOQ6380668

Authors: Laurent Bétermin, Ladislav Šamaj, Igor Travěnec

Publication date: 18 October 2021

Abstract: The two-dimensional Epstein zeta function formulated on a rectangular lattice with spacings

a_{x} = 1

and

a_{y} = D e l t a

,

z e t a^{(2)} (s, D e l t a) = f r a c 12 s u m_{j, k} (j^{2} + D e l t a^{2} k^{2})^{- s}

(R e (s) > 1)

where the sum goes over all integers except of the origin

(j, k) = (0, 0)

, is studied. It can be analytically continued to the whole complex

s

-plane except for the point

s = 1

. The nontrivial zeros

h o = h o_{x} + m i h o_{y}

of the Epstein zeta function, defined by

z e t a^{(2)} (h o, D e l t a) = 0

, split into ``critical zeros (on the critical line $h o_{x} = f r a c 12$ ) and ``off-critical zeros (

h o_{x} e f r a c 12

). According to the present numerical calculation, the critical zeros form open or closed curves

h o_{y} (D e l t a)

in the plane

(D e l t a, h o_{y})

. Two nearest critical zeros merge at special points, referred to as left/right edge zeros, which are defined by a divergent tangent

m d h o_{y} / m d D e l t a v e r t_{D e l t a^{*}}

. Each of these edge zeros gives rise to a continuous curve of off-critical zeros which can thus be generated systematically. As a rule, each curve of off-critical zeros joins a pair of left and right edge zeros. It is shown that in the regions of small/large values of the anisotropy parameter

D e l t a

the Epstein zeta function can be approximated adequately by a function which reveals an equidistant distribution of critical zeros along the imaginary axis in the limits

D e l t a o 0

and

D e l t a o i n f t y

. It is also found that for each

D e l t a i n (0, D e l t a_{c}^{*}] c u p [1 / D e l t a_{c}^{*}, i n f t y)

with

D e l t a_{c}^{*} a p p r o x 0.141733

there exists a pair of emph{real} off-critical zeros, their

h o_{x}

components go to the borders

0

and

1

of the critical region in the limits

D e l t a o 0, i n f t y

. As a rule, each curve of off-critical zeros joins a pair of left and right edge zeros.

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