Maximization of Neumann eigenvalues

DOI10.1007/S00205-023-01854-ZarXiv2204.11472MaRDI QIDQ6397362FDOQ6397362

Eloi Martinet, Edouard Oudet, Dorin Bucur

Publication date: 25 April 2022

Abstract: This paper is motivated by the maximization of the $k$-th eigenvalue of the Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions among domains of ${mathbbR}^N$ with prescribed measure. We relax the problem to the class of (possibly degenerate) densities in ${mathbbR}^N$ with prescribed mass and prove the existence of an optimal density. For $k=1,2$ the two problems are equivalent and the maximizers are known to be one and two equal balls, respectively. For $kge3$ this question remains open, except in one dimension of the space where we prove that the maximal densities correspond to a union of $k$ equal segments. This result provides sharp upper bounds for Sturm-Liouville eigenvalues and proves the validity of the P'olya conjecture in the class of densities in $mathbbR$. Based on the relaxed formulation, we provide numerical approximations of optimal densities for $k=1,dots,8$ in ${mathbbR}^2$.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Estimates of eigenvalues in context of PDEs (35P15) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25)

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