Electromagnetic theory (general) (78A25) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to quantum theory (81-02) Quantum field theory on curved space or space-time backgrounds (81T20) Special relativity (83A05) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Einstein-Maxwell equations (83C22) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) String and superstring theories in gravitational theory (83E30) Supergravity (83E50) Lie algebras of linear algebraic groups (17B45) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-02)
Abstract: In this easy introduction to higher gauge theory, we describe parallel transport for particles and strings in terms of 2-connections on 2-bundles. Just as ordinary gauge theory involves a gauge group, this generalization involves a gauge '2-group'. We focus on 6 examples. First, every abelian Lie group gives a Lie 2-group; the case of U(1) yields the theory of U(1) gerbes, which play an important role in string theory and multisymplectic geometry. Second, every group representation gives a Lie 2-group; the representation of the Lorentz group on 4d Minkowski spacetime gives the Poincar'e 2-group, which leads to a spin foam model for Minkowski spacetime. Third, taking the adjoint representation of any Lie group on its own Lie algebra gives a 'tangent 2-group', which serves as a gauge 2-group in 4d BF theory, which has topological gravity as a special case. Fourth, every Lie group has an 'inner automorphism 2-group', which serves as the gauge group in 4d BF theory with cosmological constant term. Fifth, every Lie group has an 'automorphism 2-group', which plays an important role in the theory of nonabelian gerbes. And sixth, every compact simple Lie group gives a 'string 2-group'. We also touch upon higher structures such as the 'gravity 3-group' and the Lie 3-superalgebra that governs 11-dimensional supergravity.
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