Norm inflation for a non-linear heat equation with Gaussian initial conditions

Abstract: We consider a non-linear heat equation

p a r t i a l_{t} u = D e l t a u + B (u, D u) + P (u)

posed on the

d

-dimensional torus, where

P

is a polynomial of degree at most

3

and

B

is a bilinear map that is not a total derivative. We show that, if the initial condition

u_{0}

is taken from a sequence of smooth Gaussian fields with a specified covariance, then

u

exhibits norm inflation with high probability. A consequence of this result is that there exists no Banach space of distributions which carries the Gaussian free field on the 3D torus and to which the DeTurck--Yang--Mills heat flow extends continuously, which complements recent well-posedness results in arXiv:2111.10652 and arXiv:2201.03487. Another consequence is that the (deterministic) non-linear heat equation exhibits norm inflation, and is thus locally ill-posed, at every point in the Besov space

B_{i n f t y, i n f t y}^{- 1 / 2}

; the space

B_{i n f t y, i n f t y}^{- 1 / 2}

is an endpoint since the equation is locally well-posed for

B_{i n f t y, i n f t y}^{e t a}

for every

e t a > - f r a c 12

.

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