Columnar order in random packings of 2\times2 squares on the square lattice

arXiv2206.01276MaRDI QIDQ6400977FDOQ6400977

Ron Peled, Daniel Hadas

Publication date: 2 June 2022

Abstract: We study random packings of $2imes2$ squares with centers on the square lattice $mathbb{Z}^2$, in which the probability of a packing is proportional to $lambda$ to the number of squares. We prove that for large $lambda$, typical packings exhibit columnar order, in which either the centers of most tiles agree on the parity of their $x$-coordinate or the centers of most tiles agree on the parity of their $y$-coordinate. This manifests in the existence of four extremal and periodic Gibbs measures in which the rotational symmetry of the lattice is broken while the translational symmetry is only broken along a single axis. We further quantify the decay of correlations in these measures, obtaining a slow rate of exponential decay in the direction of preserved translational symmetry and a fast rate in the direction of broken translational symmetry. Lastly, we prove that every periodic Gibbs measure is a mixture of these four measures. Additionally, our proof introduces an apparently novel extension of the chessboard estimate, from finite-volume torus measures to all infinite-volume periodic Gibbs measures.

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