A (Galois) theory for a generalized morphism

arXiv2206.14361MaRDI QIDQ6403472FDOQ6403472

Publication date: 28 June 2022

Abstract: Some sort of "morphisms" is defined from very basic mathematical objects such as sets, functions, and partial functions. Galois correspondences are established and studied, not only for Galois groups, but also for "Galois monoids", of the "morphisms". It is shown that a wide range of mathematical notions such as continuous functions between topological spaces, ring homomorphisms, module homomorphisms, group homomorphisms, and covariant functors between categories can be characterized in terms of the "morphisms". Indeed, the introduced "morphisms" are defined to commute with the intrinsic operations on the mathematical objects involved, and so the "morphisms" preserve the structures of the mathematical objects. Ways to construct the "morphisms" are studied. Besides, new interpretations on solvability of polynomials and solvability of homogeneous linear differential equations are introduced, and these ideas are roughly generalized for "general" equation solving in terms of the generalized Galois theory. Some more results are presented. For example, we generalize the algebraic notions of transcendental elements over a field and purely transcendental field extensions. Besides, we obtain an isomorphism theorem which generalizes the first isomorphism theorems for groups, rings, and modules. And we show that the generalized Galois theory can be applied to dynamical systems.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Galois correspondences, closure operators (in relation to ordered sets) (06A15) Automorphisms and endomorphisms of algebraic structures (08A35) Separable extensions, Galois theory (12F10) Finite automorphism groups of algebraic, geometric, or combinatorial structures (20B25) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to dynamical systems and ergodic theory (37-02) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to general topology (54-02) Differential algebra (12H05) Infinite automorphism groups (20B27) Galois theory and commutative ring extensions (13B05) General theory of categories and functors (18A99) Transcendental field extensions (12F20)

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