Biases among Congruence Classes for Parts in k-regular Partitions

arXiv2207.04352MaRDI QIDQ6404493FDOQ6404493

Authors: Faye Jackson, Misheel Otgonbayar 

Publication date: 9 July 2022

Abstract: For integers $k,tgeq2$ and $1leqrleqt$ let $D_k(r,t;n)$ be the number of parts among all $k$-regular partitions (i.e., partitions of $n$ where all parts have multiplicity less than $k$) of $n$ that are congruent to $r$ modulo $t$. Using the circle method, we obtain the asymptotic [ D_{k}(r,t;n) = frac{3^{frac{1}{4}}e^{pisqrt{frac{2Kn}{3}}}}{pi t 2^{frac{3}{4}}K^{frac{1}{4}}n^{frac{1}{4}}sqrt{k}}left(log k + left(frac{3sqrt{K}log k}{8sqrt{6}pi} - frac{tpi(k-1)K^{frac{1}{2}}}{2sqrt{6}}left(frac{r}{t}- frac{1}{2} ight) ight)n^{-frac{1}{2}} + O(n^{-1}) ight), ] where $K=1-frac1k$. The main term of this asymptotic does not depend on $r$, and so if $P_k(n)$ is the total number of parts among all $k$-regular partitions of $n$, we have that $frac{D}_k(r,t;n)P_k(n)ofrac1t$ as $noinfty$. Thus, in a weak asymptotic sense, the parts are equidistributed among congruence classes. However, inspection of the lower order terms indicates a bias towards the lower congruence classes; that is, for $1leqr<sleqt$ we have $D_k(r,t;n)geq{D}_k(s,t;n)$ for sufficiently large $n$. We make this inequality explicit, showing that for $3leqkleq10$ and $2leqtleq10$ the inequality $D_k(r,t;n)geq{D}_k(s,t;n)$ holds for all $ngeq1$ and the strict inequality $D_k(r,t;n)>D_k(s,t;n)$ holds for all $ngeq17$.

Has companion code repository: https://github.com/fayealephnil/kregularbiases

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Elementary theory of partitions (11P81) Analytic theory of partitions (11P82)

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