Unexpected Biases between Congruence Classes for Parts in k-indivisible Partitions

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2023.01.006MaRDI QIDQ6404886arXivFDO

Authors Faye Jackson, Misheel Otgonbayar

Publication date 13 July 2022

Published in arXiv

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JNT.2023.01.006

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Combinatorial aspects of partitions of integers (05A17) Elementary theory of partitions (11P81) Analytic theory of partitions (11P82)

arXiv classification

math.COmath.NT

Abstract: For integers $k,tgeq2$, and $1leqrleqt$ let $D_k^{i}mes(r,t;n)$ be the number of parts among all $k$-indivisible partitions of $n$ (i.e., partitions where all parts are not divisible by $k$) of $n$ that are congruent to $r$ modulo $t$. Using Wright's circle method, we derive an asymptotic for $D_k^{i}mes(r,t;n)$ as $noinfty$ when $k,t$ are coprime. The main term of this asymptotic does not depend on $r$, and so, in a weak asymptotic sense, the parts are equidistributed among congruence classes. However, inspection of the lower order terms indicates a bias towards different congruence classes modulo $t$. This induces an ordering on the congruence classes modulo $t$, which we call the $k$-indivisible ordering. We prove that for $kgeqfrac6(t^2-1)p{i}^2$ the $k$-indivisible ordering matches the natural ordering. We also explore the properties of these orderings when $k<frac6(t^2-1)p{i}^2$.

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