Univoque bases of real numbers: simply normal bases, irregular bases and multiple rationals

DOI10.1016/J.JNT.2022.12.005MaRDI QIDQ6405048arXivFDO

Authors Yu Hu, Yan Huang, Derong Kong

Publication date 14 July 2022

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Radix representation; digital problems (11A63) Fractals (28A80) Symbolic dynamics (37B10) Combinatorics on words (68R15)

Abstract: Given a positive integer $M$ and a real number $xin(0,1]$, we call $qin(1,M+1]$ a univoque simply normal base of $x$ if there exists a unique simply normal sequence $(d_i)in{0,1,ldots,M}^{m}athbbN$ such that $x=su{m}_{i=1}^{i}nfty{d}_i{q}^{-i}$. Similarly, a base $qin(1,M+1]$ is called a univoque irregular base of $x$ if there exists a unique sequence $(d_i)in{0,1,ldots,M}^{m}athbbN$ such that $x=su{m}_{i=1}^{i}nfty{d}_i{q}^{-i}$ and the sequence $(d_i)$ has no digit frequency. Let $mathcal{U}_{SN}(x)$ and $mathcal{U}_{I_r}(x)$ be the sets of univoque simply normal bases and univoque irregular bases of $x$, respectively. In this paper we show that for any $xin(0,1]$ both $mathcal{U}_{SN}(x)$ and $mathcal{U}_{I_r}(x)$ have full Hausdorff dimension. Furthermore, given finitely many rationals $x_1,x_2,ldots,x_{n}in(0,1]$ so that each $x_i$ has a finite expansion in base $M+1$, we show that there exists a full Hausdorff dimensional set of $qin(1,M+1]$ such that each $x_i$ has a unique expansion in base $q$.

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