Euclidean integers, Euclidean ultrafilters, and Euclidean numerosities

arXiv2207.07505MaRDI QIDQ6405090FDOQ6405090

Authors: Mauro Di Nasso, Marco Forti 

Publication date: 15 July 2022

Abstract: We introduce axiomatically the ring $$ of the Euclidean integers, that can be viewed as the ``integral part" of the field $mathbbE$ of Euclidean numbers of [4], where the transfinite sum of ordinal indexed $kappa$-sequences of integers is well defined. In particular any ordinal might be identified with the transfiite sum of its characteristic function, preserving the so called natural operations. The ordered ring $$ may be obtained as an ultrapower of $mathbbZ$ modulo suitable ultrafilters, thus constituting a it{ring of nonstandard integers.} Most relevant is the it{algebraic} characterization of the ordering: a Euclidean integer is it{positive} if and only if it is it{the transfinite sum of natural numbers.} This property requires the use of special ultrafilters called Euclidean, here introduced to ths end. The ring $$ allows to assign a ``Euclidean" size (it{numerosity}) to ``ordinal Punktmengen", i.e. sets of tuples of ordinals, as the transfinite sum of their characteristic functions: so every set becomes equinumerous to a set of ordinals, the Cantorian defiitions of it{order, addition and multiplication} are maintained, while the Euclidean principle ``the whole is greater than the part" (it{a set is (strictly) larger than its proper subsets}) is fulfilled.

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Partition relations (03E02) Other set-theoretic hypotheses and axioms (03E65) Nonstandard models of arithmetic (03H15)

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