Topological Phases in the Plaquette Random-Cluster Model and Potts Lattice Gauge Theory

arXiv2207.08339MaRDI QIDQ6405260FDOQ6405260

Authors: Paul Duncan, Benjamin Schweinhart 

Publication date: 17 July 2022

Abstract: The $i$-dimensional plaquette random-cluster model on a finite cubical complex is the random complex of $i$-plaquettes with each configuration having probability proportional to ${\displaystyle }$p^{ ext{# of plaquettes}}(1-p)^{ ext{# of complementary plaquettes}}q^{mathbf{ b}_{i-1}},${\displaystyle }$ where $qgeq1$ is a real parameter and $mathbf{b}_{i-1}$ denotes the rank of the $(i-1)$-homology group with coefficients in a specified coefficient field. When $q$ is prime and the coefficient field is $mathbb{F}_q$, this model is coupled with the $(i-1)$-dimensional $q$-state Potts lattice gauge theory. We prove that the probability that an $(i-1)$-cycle in $mathbb{Z}^d$ is null-homologous in the plaquette random-cluster model equals the expectation of the corresponding generalized Wilson loop variable. This provides the first rigorous justification for a claim of Aizenman, Chayes, Chayes, Fr"olich, and Russo that there is an exact relationship between Wilson loop variables and the event that a loop is bounded by a surface in an interacting system of plaquettes. We also prove that the $i$-dimensional plaquette random-cluster model on the $2i$-dimensional torus exhibits a sharp phase transition at the self-dual point $p_{mathrmsd}mathrelvcenter:=fracsqrtq1+sqrtq$ in the sense of homological percolation. This implies a qualitative change in the generalized Swendsen--Wang dynamics from local to non-local behavior.

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